home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
SPACE 2
/
SPACE - Library 2 - Volume 1.iso
/
music
/
664
/
spacshut
/
acro.txt
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1989-04-05
|
35KB
|
1,099 lines
=====================
===== A =====
=====================
AC: Atlas Centaur.
ACF: Automated Control Function.
ADFRF: Formerly, Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility, now
re-designated simply as DFRF (q.v.). Before ADFRF, it was
DFRC---Dryden Flight Research Center.
ACR: Active Cavity Radiometer.
ACRIM: ACR Irradiance Monitor. A scientific instrument used to
study the Sun's energy output.
ACRV: Assured Crew Return Vehicle. Also, Astronaut Crew Return
Vehicle.*
ADEOS: [Japan] Advanced Earth Observing Satellite.
AFGWC: Air Force Global Weather Center.
AFP: Air Force Program. Usually in the form AFP-n, where n is
some three-digit number. For example, a classified
reconaissance satellite launched in 1990 was part of the
AFP-731 program.
AFPRO: Air Force Plan Representative Office.
AIAA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
AIRS: [EOS] Atmospheric Infrared Sounder.
AMOS: Air Force Maui Optical System.
AMSR: [EOS] Advanced Microwave Sounding Radiometer.
AOA: Abort Once Around. If the space shuttle has an engine
failure which still enables it to orbit the earth once, it can
make an abort landing at either Edwards AFB or at White Sands.
AOCS: Attitude and Orbit Control System.
APE: Auroral Photography Experiment.
APL: Applied Physics Laboratory. A US-government supported
research institute operated as a unit of JHU, located in
Maryland between Baltimore and DC.
APM: Columbus Attached Pressurized Module. The ESA
contribution to Fred.
APM: Atmospheric Particle Monitor. A device which watches for
contamination of the shuttle cargo bay during launch.
APU: Auxiliary Power Unit.*
ARC: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. The home
of the sci.space/SPACE Digest archives, as well as Peter Yee.
ARISTOTELES: Applications and Research Involving Space
Technologies Observing the Earth's Field from Low Earth
Orbiting Satellite.
ARTEMIS: Advanced Relay Technology Mission. An ESA
experimental comsat, to be launched late in the 1990s.
ASI: [Italian] Agenzia Spaziale Italiano. The Italian space
agency.
ASTER: [EOS] Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and
Reflection.
ASS: Antenna Support Structure.
ASTRO: Space astrophysics laboratory. ASTRO-1 was flown aboard
the Shuttle in December of 1990; ASTRO-2 has been announced.
The instruments in the ASTRO-2 package will be HUT, UIT, and
WUPPE.
ATAL: Alternate Transoceanic Abort Landing. See TAL.
ATDRS: Advanced Tracking and Data Relay Satellite. See TDRS.
ATO: Abort To Orbit.* If the space shuttle has a failure on
takeoff which still allows it to enter a minimal orbit, it will
do so and attempt to salvage whatever is left of the mission.
ATSR: Along Track Scanning Radiometer.
AURA: Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy.
One of the large university consortia which vie for government
contracts to do space and astronomy research. AURA operates
STScI and NOAO, with funding from the NSF (primarily) and the
AF. There are twenty-one members: U. Arizona, U. California,
U. Colorado, U. Hawaii, Indiana U., UMD, U. Michigan, PSU,
SUNY Stony Brook, UTexas Austin, U. Washington, CIT, U.
Chicago, Harvard, U. Illinois, JHU, MIT, OSU, Princeton, U.
Wisconsin, and Yale.
AVHRR: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. One of the
five instruments aboard late-model TIROS-N class weather
satellites.
AW&ST: Aviation Week and Space Technology.* Also known as
Aviation Leak or Av Leak.
AXAF: Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility.* One of NASA's
"Great Observatories" along with HST, GRO, and SIRTF.
=====================
===== B =====
=====================
BAe: British Aerospace.
BATSE: Burst and Transient Source Experiment. An instrument
aboard GRO.
BBXRT: Broad Band X-Ray Telescope. One of the instruments
flown on the ASTRO-I mission (STS-35). BBXRT will *not* be
part of ASTRO-II (or at least, the announcement of ASTRO-I
didn't mention it, and they were considered separate packages).
BECO: Booster Engine Cutoff. Part of the Atlas-E launch
sequence.
BIMDA: Bioserve-Instrumentation Technology Associates Materials
Dispersion Analysis. An experiment to study the feasibility of
commercial biomedical manufacturing in microgravity.
BMFT: [German] Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technologie.
[Somebody provide proper accentless spelling, translation?]
BNSC: British National Space Center.
=====================
===== C =====
=====================
CADH: Communications and Data Handling.
Cassini: A Saturn orbiter and Titan probe designed to
complement CRAF. Will study the rings and moons of Saturn.
CCAFS: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The USAF launch site
next to KSC. Delta, Atlas, and Titans are all launched from
here.
CCDS: Center for the Commercial Development of Space.
CCRS: Canada Centre for Remote Sensing.
CCSDS: Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.
CDA: Command and Data Acquisition.
CERES: [EOS] Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System.
CFF: Columbus Free Flyer.
CFRP: Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic.
CIT: California Institute of Technology (CalTech)
CITE: Cargo Integration Test Equipment. Used to test payloads
before they are installed in a Shuttle to be launched.
CLAES: Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer. An instrument
aboard UARS which measures the concentrations of various
compounds of nitrogen and chlorine, as well as ozone, water
vapor, and methane.
CMCC: [ESA] Central Mission Control Centre.
COBE: Cosmic Background Explorer. This satellite analyzes the
spectrum of the 3 K cosmic background radiation left over from
the formation of the Universe. Irregularities (or lack
thereof) in the cosmic background provide information to
cosmologists and physicists about the conditions in the very
early Universe.
COMSAT: Communications Satellite. Also Communications
Satellite Corporation.
COSTAR: Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement.
How to fix the HST.
CNES: [French] Centre National d'Etude Spatiales. The French
space agency.
CR: Correlation Radiometer.
CRAF: Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Fly-by. This space probe will
gather information about the early Solar System by examining a
comet (Kopff) and an asteroid (449 Hamburga) at close range.
CREAM: Cosmic Radiation Effects and Activatiom Monitor.
CRL: [Japan] Communication Research Lab.
CRRES: Combined Release / Radiation Effects Satellite.* This
satellite releases materials while in orbit to study auroras
and other geomagnetic interactions.
CSA: Canadian Space Agency.
CSIRO: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization.
CSM: Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft).*
CTIO: Cerro Tololo Inter-Ameriocan Observatory. The
southern-hemisphere operation of NOAO.
CZCS: Coastal Zone Color Scanner. [Anybody know which
bird[s]?]
=====================
===== D =====
=====================
DACS: Data Acquisition and Control Subsystem.
DESAT: Desaturation. Some probes, such as Magellan, use
reaction wheels to position themsevles around some axis.
Eventually, the wheel gets to be spinning so fast that the
probe can no longer use it for this purpose. When this
happens, the wheel is said to be "saturated." The probe can
remedy this situation by stopping the wheel comppletely and
then reorienting itself; this is called a DESAT.
DFRF: Dryden Flight Research Facility, formerly ADFRF (q.v.).
Their Internet domain name is dfrf.nasa.gov. Located at EAFB.
Home of Mary Shafer and lots of older research aircraft. The
first SCA also lives here, as well as B52-launched Pegasuses
and the last flying SR-71s.
DLR: [German] [Anybody have the original German?] German
Aerospace Research Establishment.
DMSP: Defense Meterological Satellite Program. Provided cloud
cover information to the military.
DOD: Department Of Defense (sometimes DoD).*
DOE: Department of Energy (sometimes DoE; also Department of
Education and in the UK Department of the Environment).
DOT: Department of Transportation. [??] The agency which
issues permits for commercial launch vehicles.
DOMSAT: Domestic Satellite (usually also a COMSAT).
DPSS: Data Processing Services Subsystem.
DRSS: [European] Data Relay Satellite System.
DSN: The Deep Space Network. A network of ground stations used
by NASA to collect data from space probes.
DSO: Detailed Supplementary Objective.
=====================
===== E =====
=====================
EAFB: Edwards Air Force Base. The primary Shuttle landing
site. Also the primary US center for test-flying new aircraft.
(Jonathan McDowell says the Navy will complain about this
statement.)
EDC: EROS Data Center.
EDO: Extended Duration Orbiter.* A kit installed in an orbiter
to extend mission time to 16 days.
EDRS: European Data Relay Satellite.
EDS: Electronic Data Systems. A US Aerospace/Electronics
contractor.
EGRET: Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope. An instrument
aboard GRO.
ELDO: European Launcher Development Organisation.
ELV: Expendable Launch Vehicle.*
EMU: Extravehicular Mobility Unit.*
ENAC: Energetic Neutral Atom Camera.
ENACEOS: [EOS] ENAC for EOS.
ENSO: El Nino/Southern Oscillation. An occasional, temporary
climate change, involving changes in temperature distributions
in the South Pacific, which has far-reaching global effects
(e.g., drought in Africa, hurricanes in the Caribbean, etc.).
EODC: [UK] Earth Observation Data Centre.
EOS: Earth Observing System.* Also (formerly?) Electrophoresis
Operations in Space.
EOSP: [EOS] Earth Observing Scanning Polarimeter.
EPD: Energetic Particles Detector.
ERBE: Earth Radiation Budget Experiment.
EROS: Earth Resources Observations System.
ERS: Earth Resources Satellite. An ESA remote sensing
satellite to be launched in 1991. Also, a NASDA remote sensing
satellite to be launched in 1992.
ERS: Environmental Research Satellite. An light satellite
launched in the 1960s by USAF.
ESA: European Space Agency.*
ESOC: European Space Operations Centre. Located in Darmstadt,
Germany; mission control for some ESA satellites.
ESIS: ESA Space Information Systems.
ESPC: European Space Power Conference.
ESRO: European Space Research Organisation.
ESTEC: European Space Research and Technology Centre. Located
in the Netherlands.
ET: (Shuttle) External Tank.*
ETE: End-to-End (Test).
ETM: Enhanced Thematic Mapper.
ETR: Eastern Test Range. The Atlantic Ocean, although
sometimes applied to Cape Canaveral in particular.
EUMETSAT: European Meterological Satellite Organisation.
EUTELSAT: European Telecommunications Satellite Organization.
EUVE: Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer. A NASA astronomy satellite
scheduled for launch in 1991.
EVA: Extra-Vehicular Activity. That is, space-walk.
=====================
===== F =====
=====================
FAP: Freedom attached payloads.
FEM: Flight-Engineering Model.
FFCC: Free-Flyer Control Centre.
FOC: Faint Object Camera.* One of five scientific instruments
on the HST.
FOLD: Federally-Owned LANDSAT Data.
FOS: Faint Object Spectrograph.* One of five scientific
instruments on the HST.
FPD: Flight Projects Directorate.
Fred: Space Station Freedom, after budget cuts have downsized
the project so much that the word "Freedom" no longer fits on
the side (or as a description).
FRR: Flight Readiness Review.
=====================
===== G =====
=====================
GAS: Get-Away Special.*
GEO: Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (also GSO).*
GEM: Giotto Extended Mission.
GEM: Graphite Epoxy Motor. Strap-on solids used on the Delta
79** rocket.
GHRS: Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph.* One of five
scientific instruments on the HST.
GISS: Goddard Institute for Space Studies.
GLOMR: Global Low-Orbiting Message Relay. A light DoD comsat.
GMS: Geostationary Meterological Satellite.
GNC: Guidance, Navigation, and Control.
GOMR: [EOS] Global Ozone Monitoring Radiometer.
GPS: Global Positioning System. The Navstar navigation
satellite constellation.
GMT: Greenwich Mean Time.* This is not really the same as
Universal Time Coordinated (UTC), but it is numerically
identical so far as I can make out. Also called "Zulu" after
the military convention of assigning letters to time zones.
GOES: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite.* One
of a series of Clarke-orbit weather satellites operated by NOAA
to keep track of severe weather (hurricanes and the like) in
the tropics.
GGM: [Russian] Goskogidromet/Gidromettsentr. Soviet state
meteorological agency.
GPS: Global Positioning System. The (US) DoD's network of
satellites for determining one's position accurately on the
globe grid. Also NavStar.
GRO: Gamma Ray Observatory.* One of NASA's four Great
Observatories, the others being HST, AXAF, and SIRTF.
GRU: [Russian] Glavnoye Razvedivatel'noye Upravileniye. Soviet
Military Intelligence.
GSC: HST Guide Star Catalog. The list of the stars which can
be used as references to orient the HST.
GSFC: NASA Godddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.. Where
much of the operational control for many NASA-operated
satellites is vested.
GUGK: [Russian] Glavnoye Upravileniye Geodesii i Kartografii.
Soviet Geodesic and Cartographic satellite agency.
=====================
===== H =====
=====================
HALOE: Halogen Occultation Experiment. This UARS instrument
gathers a verticle profile of atmospheric HF, HCl, CH4, CO2,
O3, water vapor, and nitrogen compounds.
HCI: Highes Communications, Inc. The largest US DOMSAT
operator.
HCMM: Heat Capacity Mapping Mission.
HEAO: High Energy Astronomical Observatory.
Hera: Hermes Robotic Arm.
HGA: High-Gain Antenna.
HH: Hitchhiker (generally). Seen as HH-G and HH-M (for Goddard
and Marshall, respectively).
HiRDLS: [EOS] High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder.
HIRIS: [EOS] High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer.
HIRS: High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder. One of five
instruments aboard late-model TIROS-N class weather satellites.
HRDI: High Resolution Doppler Imager. A UARS instrument which
measures wind speeds.
HRSR: High-Resolution Scanning Radiometer.
HST: Hubble Space Telescope.*
HSP: High Speed Photometer. One of five scientific instruments
on the Hubble Space Telescope.
HUT: Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope. One of the instruments
flown on ASTRO-I (STS-35). (Oddly enough, this is also Hopkins
slang for the A. D. Hutzler Undergraduate Library.)
=====================
===== I =====
=====================
ICBC: IMAX Cargo Bay Camera.
IGBP: International Geosphere/Biosphere Programme.
IKI: [Russian] Institut Kosmischeskikh Issledovaniya. Space
Research Institute, the Soviet equivalent of JPL.
IMAX: Not really an acronym. IMAX Systems Corp. provides NASA
with two large-format motion-picture cameras, for both
scientific and moviemaking purposes.
IML: International Microgravity Lab.
INTELSAT: International Telecommunications Satellite.
IPMP: Investigations into Polymer Membrane Processing.
IR: Infrared.*
IRAS: Infrared Astronomical Satellite. This satellite,
launched in 1983, made a full-sky map of infrared emissions
before its cooling system ran down, rendering it inoperable, in
that same year.
ISAMS: Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder. An
instrument aboard UARS used to study water vapor, carbon
dioxide, nitrous oxide [can someone tell me the new
nomenclature for this?], nitric acid, ozone, methane, and CO.
ISAS: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science. One of
Japan's two space agencies; this one does the science
satellites.
ISO: Infrared Space Observatory. An ESA astronomy satellite to
be launched in 1994.
ISPM: International Solar Polar Mission. Former name for
Ulysses.
ISY: International Space Year. 1992.
ISZ: [Russian] Iskusstvenniy Sputnik Zemli. Artificial Earth
Satellite.
IUE: International Ultraviolet Explorer.* Launched in 1978,
and still going, and going, and going...
IUS: Inertial Upper Stage. Used as an upper stage for the
Shuttle and Titan 3 and 4 launch vehicles.
IVT: Interface Verification Test.
=====================
===== J =====
=====================
JEM: Japanese Experiment Module (for Fred).*
JHU: Johns Hopkins University.
JILA: Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics.*
JPL: Jet Propulsion Laboratory.* JPL is run by CalTech (CIT)
under contract to NASA. Although their original purpose was to
study rocketry (the name was chosen for respectability), JPL is
now primarily associated (in the public mind) with space probes
and image processing.
JSC: Johnson Space Center,* in Houston, Texas.
=====================
===== K =====
=====================
KB: [Russian]. Construction Bureau. A Soviet design bureau
which makes experimental spacecraft. Sometimes seen as OKB
(for Experimental). For example, KB Korolev designed the
Sputnik, and has since evolved into NPO Energiya.
KPNO: Kitt Peak National Observatory. Part of NOAO.
KSC: Kennedy Space Center.* Located on beautiful Merritt
Island in Florida.
=====================
===== L =====
=====================
LAGEOS: Laser Geodynamics Satellite.
LANL: Los Alamos National Laboratories.
LaRC: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.
LDEF: Long Duration Exposure Facility.*
LEDA: [ESA] On-line Earthnet Data Access.
LEM: Lunar Excursion Module (Apollo spacecraft.)* Officially,
this should be spelled "LM," but the longer form seems to be
preferred outisde of officialdom.
LEO: Low Earth Orbit.*
LeRC: NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. They do
aircraft and space propulsion, space power, the Atlas/Centaur
launch vehicle, and Fred's power system, among others. Home of
Ron Graham.
LFC: Large Format Camera. See IMAX.
LIS: [EOS] Lightning Imaging Sensor.
LLNL: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories.*
LOX: Liquid Oxygen, used as rocket fuel.
LRB: Liquid Rocket Booster.*
=====================
===== M =====
=====================
MACS: Modular Attitude Control System. The first MACS flew on
Solar Max; the MACS in UARS is, in fact, the orginal MACS from
Solar Max, refurbished.
MBB: Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm.
MDSSC: McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Corp.
MFPE: Misson From Planet Earth. One of the Augustine
Commission's recommendations was for NASA to spend a small
amount of money (the report actually said "go-as-you-pay,"
which means "little if any funding" in Washington) to launch a
renewed space-probe initiative, perhaps with some SETI as well.
MIMR: [EOS] Multifrequency Imaging Microwave Radiometer.
MISR: [EOS] Multiangle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer.
MLS: Microwave Limb Sounder. An instrument aboard UARS used to
map concentrations of chlorine monoxide, ozone, and water
vapor.
MMCC: [European] Mission Management and Control Centre.
MMPO: [European] Mission Management and Planning Office.
MMS: Multi-mission Modular Spacecraft. A standardized design
for scientific satellites.
MODE: Middeck Zero-Gravity Dynamics Experiment.
MODIS: [EOS] Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer.
MODIS-N: [EOS] MODIS - Nadir.
MODIS-T: [EOS] MODIS - Tilt.
MOPITT: [EOS] Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere.
MRIR: Medium Resolution Infrared Radiometer. An instrument on
Nimbus satellites.
MSFC: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
Former home of Werner von Braun; now home of Jonathan McDowell
and the SPACELINK bulletin board.
MSOCC: Multisatellite Operations Control Center.
MSS: Multispectral Scanner. One of the instruments aboard
certain Landsats.
MSU: Microwave Sounding Unit. One of the five instruments
aboard late-model TIROS-N class weather satellites.
MTC: Man-tended Capability. One of the conceived modes of
operation for Fred.
MTFF: Columbus Man-Tended Free-Flyer. A version of the APM
which does not depend on Fred, intended as a hedge for ESA
against the possibility of Fred cancellation. It would be
serviced by the Hermes spaceplane.
MTPE: Mission To Planet Earth. One of the Augustine
Commission's recommendations was for NASA to spend some time
and money using probes and satellites to study Earth's
environment. Its complement is MFPE.
=====================
===== N =====
=====================
NACA: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. This agency
was founded in 1916; it was renamed NASA in 1959.
NAS: Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation. The US national
supercomputing center for aeronautics. Home of Eugene "Push
for moderated newsgroups" Miya.
NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.*
NASDA: National Space Development Agency. One of Japan's two
space agencies; this one does non-science satellites (such as
comsats, weather, ad such like).
NASP: National AeroSpace Plane.*
NESDIS: National Environmental Satellite Data and Information
Service.
NGT: NASA Ground Terminal. The interface between WSGT and
GSFC.
NIST: National Institute for Standards and Technology (was
NBS).* Home of John Roberts.
NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.* Also,
a series of polar-orbiting weather satellites operated by NOAA.
NOAO: National Optical Astronomical Observatories. A
collection of observatories operated by AURA (the same
institution that operates STScI) including KPNO, CTIO, and the
NSO.
NPO: [Russian]. Scientific Production Organization. A type of
Soviet organization which can be roughly translated as `Corp.'
or `Ltd.' For example, NPO Energiya, the Soviet agency in
charge of piloted civil space missions.
NRL: [US] Naval Research Laboratory.
NRO: National Reconnaissance Organization. One of the USA's
largest space agencies, located at the Pentagon but part of the
CIA and NSA. Last I heard, it is against the rules of the House
of Representatives to even mention the acronym "NRO" during
floor debate on any issue.
NRSC: [UK] National Remote Sensing Centre.
NSF: National Science Foundation.*
NSI: NASA Science Internet. NASA's portion of the IP internet,
which also carries DECnet traffic. NSI-DECnet was formerly
known as SPAN.
NSO: National Solar Observatory. Part of NOAO, with facilities
located at Kitt Peak and Sacramento Peak.
NSSDC: National Space Science Data Center.
NSSDCA.MSFC.NASA.GOV in the DNS; ????? on SPAN. NSSDC is
responsible for the distribution of data collected by NASA.
=====================
===== O =====
=====================
OCTS: Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner.
OCTW: Optical Communications Through the shuttle Window.
OMB: Office of Management and Budget.*
OMS: Orbital Maneuvering System.*
OPF: Orbiter Processing Facility.*
ORBI: Stock ticker symbol for OSC.
OSC: Orbital Sciences Corporation. One of the few existing
companies formed for the purposes of space commercialization.
OSC is best known for the Pegasus, a launch vehicle that does
away with the lower stages of a rocket by launching the vehicle
from the air.
OSCAR: Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio.
OSS: Office of the Space Station. Home of Fred.
OSSA: Office of Space Science and Applications.
OSTP: Office of Science and Technology Policy. An
executive-branch (US) agency which decides on important areas
of science and technology for the government to be involved (or
not be involved) in.
OV: Orbital Vehicle.* The shuttle orbiters are officially
numbered as OV-foo, where foo is some integer.
=====================
===== P =====
=====================
PAM-D: Payload Assist Module (Delta class). A solid upper
stage using the Star 48 motor.
PARE: Physiological and Anatomical Rodent Experiment.
PCG: Protein Crystal Growth experiment.
PCT: Photometric Calibration Test.
PEM: Payload Electronics Module.
PEM: Particle Environment Monitor. This instrument, aboard
UARS, measures energetic particles from the sun in several
different energy ranges.
PHA: Physics and Astronomy. Department name at several
universities including JHU.
POCC: Payload/Platform Operations Control Center.
PPF: Columbus Polar Platform. An unpiloted component of the
ESA space station program, to monitor earth resources and the
environment from a polar orbit.
PVO: [Russian] Protivo-Vosdushniya Oborona. Soviet Air Defense
Force; it runs the Soviet early-warning satellites.
=====================
===== R =====
=====================
RAE: [UK] Royal Aerospace Establishment.
RAL: [UK] Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory.
RCS: Reaction Control System.
RCS: Revision Control System. Origin of the header line X-RCS:
in this article; it's the software system I use to track
changes in this document.
RESTEC: [Japan] Remote Sensing Technology Center.
ROSAT: ROentgen SATellite.* A joint German-US-UK X-ray
observatory.
RME: Radiation Monitoring Experiment.
RMS: Remote Manipulator System.* The people who built it have
another name, which I can't remember. (Henry?)
RTLS: Return To Launch Site (Shuttle abort plan).* Under this
scheme, the shuttle makes a wide turn and then glides back into
KSC upon abort.
RTG: Radioisotope Thermal Generator. A ``nuclear battery''
used to power satellites and space probes, which uses the heat
of radioactive decay to drive a thermocouple, and thus generate
electricity. Often the source of clashes between space
activists and environmentalists, especially around probe launch
times.
RVSN: [Russian] Raketniye Voiska Stratigcheskovo Naznacheniya,
SSSR. Strategic Rocket Forces. They carry out Soviet space
launches.
=====================
===== S =====
=====================
SAA: Single Access Antenna. (A TDRS term?)
SAM: Shuttle Activation Monitor.
SAR: Synthetic Aperture Radar.*
SAREX: Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment.
SCA: Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, a modified 747 which ferries the
space shuttles from EAFB to KSC for processing and eventual
re-launch. The original SCA lives at ADFRF; the new one lives
in El Paso. [Do they have an acronym?]
SDIO: Strategic Defense Initiative Organization.
SECO: Sustainer Engine Cutoff. Part of the Atlas-E launch
sequence.
SEM: Space Environment Monitor. A charged-particle
spectrometer aboard late-model TIROS-N class weather
satellites.
SEP: [European] Societe Europeenne de Propulsion.
SETI: Search for extraterrestrial intelligence.* There is a
venerable Air Force report (excerpted in Julian May's
_Intervention_) which declares that SETI is not likely to turn
anything up within the next few centuries. This is also the
source of the remark about aliens landing their UFO at an
American Physical Society convention.
SHARE: Space Station Heat Pipe Advanced Radiator Element.
SITURN: Galileo carries some rather sensitive instruments
aboard. In order to protect these instruments, the probe is
occasinally repositioned so that they are shielded from the sun
by the high-gain antenna. This is called a SITURN.
SIR: Shuttle Imaging Radar. Also S/R, as in S/R A (that is,
SIR-A).
SIRTF: Space Infrared Telescope Facility.* One of NASA's
``Great Observatories.''
SLAP: Space link access protocol.
SLAR: Side-Looking Airborne Radar. A remote-sensing technique
using radar shot from high-flying planes.
SME: Solar Mesosphere Explorer.*
SMM: Solar Maximum Mission.* Also called ``Solar Max.''
SNR: Signal to Noise Ratio.*
SOCC: Satellite Operations Control Center. NOAA's is located
in Suitland, Md.
SOLSTICE: Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment. This
UARS instrument compares the sun's UV output to that of bright
blue stars [class, anyone?], to provide a point of reference
for future solar UV monitoring experiments.
SPOT: [French] Systeme Probatoire pour l'Observation de la
Terre. The French commercial remote-sensing satellite. SPOT
images are sold by SPOT Image Corp. in the US.
SRB: Solid Rocket Booster.*
SRM: Solid Rocket Motor.*
SSBUV: Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet experiment.
SSCE: Solid Surface Combustion Experiment.
SSF: Space Station Freedom.* See Fred.
SSME: Space Shuttle Main Engine.*
SSO: Spurious Shut-off.
SSPO: Space Shuttle Program Office.
SSRV: Solar-Sail Race Vehicle.
SSTO: Single Stage To Orbit.
STARCAL: Star Calibration. Every so often, Magellan is
programmed to recalibrate its position with respect to some
(reasonably) fixed stars.
STIKSCAT: [EOS] Stick Scatterometer.
STS: Space Transportation System.* That is, the shuttle.
STScI: Space Telescope Science Institute. The organization in
scientific control of the HST; operated at Johns Hopkins
University in Baltimore, Md., by AURA under contract to NASA.
SUSIM: Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor. One of
the instruments aboard UARS, this device measures the solar
energy in the ultraviolet range.
=====================
===== T =====
=====================
TAL: Trans-Atlantic Abort Landing. One of the shuttle's myriad
abort modes; this one involves landing Banjul in the Gambia,
Ben Guerir in Morocco, or Moron, Spain. [Anyone know how it
would be ferried back? Can either SCA cross the Atlantic?]
TCM: Trajectory Control Maneuver.
TDRS: Tracking and Data Relay Satellite.*
THIR: Temperature/Humidity Infrared Radiometer. One of the
instruments aboard Nimbus spacecraft.
TIROS-N: Television Infrared Observation Satellite. A class of
polar-orbit weather satellites including the NOAA series
(q.v.). The first weather satellite ever, which was oddly
enough called just "TIROS-N", was launched on 1 April 1960.
TIROS is a cooperative program involving Canada, the UK, and
France, in addition to NOAA and NASA in the US.
TKSC: [Japan] Tsukuba Space Center.
TM: Thematic Mapper. A Landsat instrument.
TOMS: Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer.
TOPEX: Ocean Topography Experiment. [US-French joint program.]
TPCE: Tank Pressure Control Experiment.
TRMM: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission.
TsPK: [Russian] Tsentr Podgotovka Kosmonavti. Cosmonaut
Training Center at Zvyozdniy Gorodok (Starry Town or "Star
City"). The Soviet equivalent of JSC, except that mission
control is at TsUP, instead.
TSS: Tethered Satellite System.*
TsUP: [Russian] Tsentr Upravileniya Polyoti. Flight Control
Center. The Soviet equivalent of JSC, except that cosmonaut
training is located at TsPK, instead.
TTC: Telemetry, Telecommand, and Control.
=====================
===== U =====
=====================
U3P: [French] Union pour la Promotion de la Propulsion
Photonique.
UARS: Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite.* This satellite
studies the effects of human activity on Earth's atmosphere,
including ozone depletion. During its expected twenty-month
lifespan, it will see two Arctic winters and one Antarctic
winter. Part of MTPE. The instruments are: ACRIM II, CLAES,
ISAMS, MLS, HALOE, HRDI, WINDII, SUSIM, SOLSTICE, and PEM.
UIT: Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope. One of the instruments
carried on the ASTRO-I (STS-35) shuttle mission, which will be
returning for ASTRO-II.
UoSAT: University of Surrey Satellite. An amateur radio
satellite built at said university.
USAF: United States Air Force.
UT: Universal Time.*
UTC: Universal Time, Coordinated.
UT or UoT: Any one of several institutions named ``University
of foo'' where foo starts with a T. For example, University of
Texas and University of Toronto (home of Henry Spencer).
UV: Ultraviolet.*
=====================
===== V =====
=====================
VAB: Vehicle Assembly Building.* Originally constructed to
assemble Saturn V stacks, the VAB was recycled to perform the
analogous service for the shuttle program. One of the largest
open enclosed spaces in the world, the VAB sometimes generates
its own weather.
VAFB: Vandenberg Air Force Base.*
VAS: VISSR Atmospheric Sounder. A GOES instrument.
VECO: Vernier Engine Cutoff. Part of the Atlas-E launch
sequence.
VEEGA: Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist. The sometimes
praised, more often cursed trajectory used by the Galileo probe
to reach Jupiter; this program as made necessary by
post-Challenger modifications to the spacecraft. It takes six
years total travel time to reach Jupiter.
VISSR: Visible/Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer.
VMF: [Russian] Voenno-Morskoy Flot. The Soviet Navy; it runs
Soviet navsats.
VOIR: Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar (superseded by VRM).*
VPF: Vertical Processing Facility.
VRM: Venus Radar Mapper (now called Magellan).*
VVS: [Russian] Voenno-Vosdushniye Sili. Soviet Air Force; it
trains military cosmonauts.
=====================
===== W =====
=====================
WF/PC: Wide Field / Planetary Camera.* One of five scientific
instruments on the HST.
WFPC-II: Replacement for the WP/PC.*
WINDII: Wind Imaging Interferometer.
WMO: World Meterological Organisation.
WSGT: White Sands Ground Terminal. The ground station for the
TDRS system.
WSMR: White Sands Missile Range.
WTR: Western Test Range. Vandenberg AFB plus part of the
Pacific Ocean.
WUPPE: Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter Experiment. One
of the instruments carried on the ASTRO-I mission, STS-35,
which will be making a return appearance on ASTRO-II.